2 What Is Multimodal AI? Traditional AI systems typically specialize in one mode of input text-based chatbots, image classifiers, or speech recognizers. Multimodal AI breaks these silos by combining multiple sensory inputs into a unified model. This means a single AI can caption an image, answer questions about a video, generate images from a prompt,…

2 What Do We Mean by “Fair” and “Transparent”? 1 Definitions of fairness vary: equal opportunity vs. equal outcomes. 2 Transparency involves explainability can we understand how the AI made its decision? 3 The “black box” problem in deep learning models. 3 Bias Is Built In 1 AI reflects the biases in the data it’s…

2 Introduction 1 From simple chatbots to intelligent agents: a brief history 2 Why businesses are moving beyond basic automation 3 What Are AI Agents? 1 Difference between chatbots, RPA (robotic process automation), and autonomous AI agents 2 Key capabilities: decision-making, goal-setting, memory, learning 4 Real-World Applications Across Industries 1 Customer Support: AI agents handling…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is often hailed as the future of innovation driving advances in healthcare, climate science, finance, and urban development. But behind the algorithms and breakthroughs lies a significant environmental cost. As AI systems become more powerful, the question arises: how sustainable is AI really? 2 The Energy Cost of Intelligence Training modern AI…

As cities continue to grow and become more interconnected, the demand for faster, more efficient communication networks is also increasing. While 5G is currently transforming urban infrastructure, the horizon already includes 6G a technology that promises to push the boundaries of what smart cities can achieve. 2 5G’s Impact on Smart Cities So Far 5G…

Decentralized social media platforms such as Mastodon, Bluesky, and Lens Protocol have emerged as alternatives to Big Tech-controlled networks like Facebook, Twitter (X), and Instagram. These decentralized platforms promise greater user control, data ownership, and censorship resistance. But can they really beat Big Tech? Let’s break it down: 2 What Is Decentralized Social Media? Decentralized…

Wearable technology has already reshaped how we interact with our health, but its future extends far beyond simple fitness tracking. As innovation accelerates, wearables are poised to become essential tools in medicine, communication, work, and daily life. Here’s a look at where the future is headed: 2 Medical-Grade Monitoring and Disease Management Wearables are evolving…

Electric vehicles (EVs) are accelerating the transition to cleaner transportation. But the real engine of this revolution lies inside the battery. Recent breakthroughs are dramatically improving EV performance, affordability, and sustainability. Here’s a look at the most promising battery innovations shaping the future of mobility. 2 Solid-State Batteries Solid-state batteries replace liquid electrolytes with solid…

“Cybersecurity in the Era of AI-Generated Threats” is a critical and timely topic that explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the threat landscape and how cybersecurity strategies must evolve in response. Here’s an overview and analysis you can use for a paper, presentation, or discussion: 2 Introduction The integration of AI into everyday technology…

For years, augmented reality (AR) hovered on the edge of mainstream adoption fascinating but fragmented, powerful yet niche. That changed when Apple introduced the Vision Pro. Launched in 2024, Apple Vision Pro wasn’t just another AR/VR headset it was a statement. It redefined how we interact with digital content in physical space and signaled the…