2 Where Cultural Bias Comes From AI art models (like those used in DALL·E, Midjourney, or Stable Diffusion) are trained on massive datasets of images and captions scraped from the internet. These datasets often: 1 Overrepresent Western and Eurocentric perspectives, especially in fashion, beauty, and art history. 2 Reflect stereotypes (e.g., associating certain professions or…

2 Voice Synthesis and Cloning AI can now generate realistic human voices from text (text-to-speech, or TTS) and even clone individual voices. 1 Text-to-Speech (TTS): Tools like Google’s Tacotron, Open AI’s Whisper, and Amazon Polly produce natural-sounding speech from written text. 2 Voice cloning: AI can mimic specific voices with high fidelity using just a…

2 What Is Neural Style Transfer? NST is a deep learning technique that blends two images: 1 Content image: What the image is (e.g., a photo of a cityscape). 2 Style image: How the image looks (e.g., brushstrokes, color palette, texture of a painting). The goal is to create a new image that preserves the…

2 Energy Efficiency and Smart Grids 1 Optimizing energy use in homes, buildings, and factories using predictive algorithms. 2 Managing smart grids that adjust supply and demand in real time to minimize waste. 3 Helping integrate renewable energy (like wind and solar) by forecasting production and managing variability. 3 Climate Modeling and Research 1 Improving…

2 What Is Consciousness? Consciousness typically refers to: 1 Subjective experience (“what it’s like” to be something). 2 Self-awareness, or the ability to reflect on one’s own thoughts. 3 Intentionality, the capacity to have thoughts about something. Current AI systems like Chat GPT lack all of these; they do not have emotions, self-awareness, or understanding—they…

2 Threat Detection AI can analyze vast amounts of data in real time to: 1 Identify anomalies in network traffic or user behaviour. 2 Detect malware or phishing attempts by recognizing patterns that resemble known threats. 3 Use machine learning to uncover new, unknown threats (zero-day attacks). 3 Predictive Capabilities AI models can: 1 Predict…

2 Training on Massive Text Corpora LLMs are trained on a wide variety of internet text, books, articles, and other written sources. During training, the model learns: 1 Grammar and syntax. 2 Facts about the world (to a certain point in time). 3 Patterns of reasoning, dialogue, and style. Training is done using a technique…

2 What Are Deepfakes? Deepfakes are media primarily videos or audio that have been manipulated or generated using deep learning techniques, particularly Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) or transformer-based models. These allow creators to swap faces in videos, clone voices, or generate entirely fictitious people or events. 3 How Generative AI Enables Deepfakes Generative AI models…

2 AI in Visual Art AI tools can now create, curate, and even sell artwork: Generative Art: 1 Algorithms like GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks) produce original visual works. Tools like DALL·E, Midjourney, and Artbreeder create images based on text prompts or existing styles. Style Transfer: 2 AI can apply the style of Van Gogh or…

2 What Is an Autonomous Vehicle? An autonomous vehicle uses AI, sensors, and software to drive itself without human input. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) defines six levels of autonomy: 1 Level 0: No automation 2 Level 1–2: Driver assistance (e.g., adaptive cruise control) 3 Level 3: Conditional automation (car drives in specific conditions…